Arena Housing Knowledge Base
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  • * City housing profiles
    • Warsaw: a particular history, a particular housing situation (Sept 2020)
    • Vienna, still affordable but also in need of reforms (Sept 2020)
  • Access to housing
    • Media reports
      • 2020
        • Scotland: Tenants faced damp while repairs stopped due to Covid-19 (The Ferret, 4 December 2020)
        • UK: Housing market is at its most unequal in a decade (Sky News, 12 October 2020)
        • Prefabricated housing gains strength in Spain (Efe, 11 Oct 2020)
        • Rents cut by up to 20% as tenants quit city centres due to Covid-19 (The Guardian, 20 Sept 2020)
        • The Golden Ticket — Citizenship for Sale (Podcast PUSHBACK Talks, 4 September 2020)
        • A 'proptech' platform that completely digitises the rental of housing (El Periódico, 1 Sept 2020)
        • Housing crisis in the US: social movements reshaping the discourse (openDemocracy, 1 Sept 2020)
        • Throwing people out of their homes is not a pleasant task... (Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 28 Aug 2020)
        • Housing crisis in the US: discrimination and privatization (openDemocracy, 5 August 2020)
        • Rents fall in Lisbon for the first time in six years (Expresso, 8 Jul 2020)
        • Portugal: over 18,600 houses to be added to affordable housing program (Observador, 29 July 2020)
        • Portugal: housing bank valuation reaches new record in June (Publico, 28 July 2020)
        • Scotland: Tenants 'sidelined' as landlords lobby for Covid-19 subsidies (The Ferret, 28 July 2020)
        • Ireland: Covid-19 shows new housing direction needed (Opinion piece, Irish Examiner, 3 June 2020)
        • Four graphs linking Covid-19 deaths and the housing crisis in the UK (Inside Housing, 29 May 2020)
        • Denmark to invest 4bn euros in renovating public housing (Nyheder TV2, 19 May 2020)
        • Coronavirus: excessive mortality in Seine-Saint-Denis due to bad housing (France Info, 12 May 2020)
        • Migrants face housing discrimination in Germany (Deutsche Welle, 21 January 2020)
      • 2019
        • Sonderland: focus on housing in Belgium during 2019
        • Portugal: Housing crisis follows Lisbon's tourist boom (Contacto, 12 September 2019)
        • France: For a 'universal access to housing' (11 September 2019, Le Monde)
        • Airbnb already earns more than € 2,000 per month for each Lisbon owner (Expresso, 11 August 2019)
        • Lisbon: number of Airbnbs rises from 3 to 49,000 in 9 years (Expresso, 27 July 2019)
        • Deutsche Wohnen announces its own rental cover (Der Spiegel, 22 June 2019)
        • The biggest rise in house prices in the EU (Euronews, 20 June 2019)
        • New Rent Laws Pass in N.Y.: ‘The Pendulum Is Swinging’ Against Landlords (NYT, 14 June 2019)
        • Point-based renting in Netherlands: an old tradition against speculation (elDiario.es, 1 June 2019)
        • France: Racial discrimination in the housing market in the Parisian region (Le Parisien, 5 May 2019)
        • Ibiza and real estate madness: housing costs 40% more than in 2008 (El Confidencial, 25 Apr 2019)
        • Housing crisis on Arran leaves hundreds of islanders without homes (The Guardian, 22 Apr 2019)
        • The private renters trapped in Britain’s new slums (The Guardian, 13 Apr 2019)
        • Collaborative housing in Spain: 'anti-speculative, human and sustainable' (elDiario.es, 5 Apr 2019)
        • How much does it cost to rent a place in your town? (CCMA, 10 March 2019)
        • Madrid: tell me where you live and I'll tell you how much salary you spend on rent (February 2019)
      • 2018
        • Germany's rental market is broken (Süddeutsche Zeitung, 21 Dec 2018)
        • Young Spaniards can no longer buy or rent housing (El País, 24 Nov 2018)
        • Trapped by my mortgage (BBC One, 27 October 2018)
        • 'Urban renewal: a business producing millions in Lisbon and Porto' (25 Feb 2018)
    • Academic reports and papers
      • European Network for Housing Research (ENHR) working groups
      • International Journal of Housing Policy Podcast (Jan 2019 - present)
      • Is a refugee crisis a housing crisis? Only if housing supply is unresponsive (Sept 2020)
      • Ireland: Discrimination in the rental housing market (Sept 2020)
      • Invisible energy poverty? Analysing housing costs in Central and Eastern Europe (Aug 2020)
      • Rogue residential landlords' tax evasion costing up to £1.7bn a year (Aug 2020)
      • Effect of rising housing prices on relocation behaviour (Aug 2020)
      • Sharing-Based Co-Housing Categorization (Aug 2020)
      • Similar Origins – Divergent Paths: The Politics of German and Dutch Housing Markets (May 2020)
      • Role of housing in the ‘integration' of Afghan refugees in Vienna (Feb 2020)
      • Private Housing in Portugal in an Intergenerational Perspective since 1970 (Nov 2019)
      • Size of the tenure wealth gap in 10 countries with different housing and welfare regimes (Aug 2019)
      • 'Does Juan Carlos or Nelson get a larger discount? Discrimination in Spanish housing' (Nov 2018)
      • Removal of rent control and impact on search and mismatching costs: evidence from Oslo (July 2017)
      • City strategies for affordable housing: Berlin, Hamburg, Stockholm, and Gothenburg (Feb 2017)
      • Rent Regulation: Balance between Private Landlords and Tenants in Six European Countries (May 2008)
      • Scapegoating Rent Control: Masking the Causes of Homelessness (Nov 2007)
      • The impact of rent control on housing maintenance: An analysis of rent regulations (Apr 2007)
    • Advocacy and policy reports and projects
      • #Housing2030 (UNECE, UN Habitat, Housing Europe)
      • Housing Evolutions Hub (Housing Europe)
      • Do governments over-rely on urban planning to deal with housing crises? (August 2020)
      • France: Access to social housing for low-income households (June 2020)
      • Land policy for affordable and inclusive housing (SmartLand, May 2020)
      • Germany: Berlin rent cap and real estate cycle and supercycle (Deutsche Bank, Feb 2020)
      • The right to affordable housing: Europe’s neglected duty (COE, Jan 2020)
      • Guidelines to implement right to housing (UN Rapporteur, Dec 2019)
      • CEE Investment Forum findings (November 2019)
      • "Affordable Housing". The Future of Cities (European Commission, Apr 2019)
      • Real estate trends in Europe for 2019 (December 2018)
      • Affordable Housing in Central and Eastern Europe: Constrains in New Member States (EHP, Nov 2017)
      • Innovative Public Policies to Address the Housing Crisis in Europe (CIDOB, Sept 2017)
      • Financing the future of buildings in Central, Eastern and SE Europe (2017)
      • Guidance Paper on EU regulation & public support for housing (EU Urban Agenda, March 2017)
    • Activist initiatives
      • Radical Housing Journal (2019-present)
      • Self Help Housing online platform (England, UK)
      • CoHabitat - open database of community-led housing (global)
      • #200Häuser (Berlin)
    • Law, regulations and other policy
      • Researching the right to housing (December 2018)
      • Worldwide national housing regulations
      • Public auctions of foreclosed homes
        • Germany
        • Greece
      • Measures during the coronavirus crisis in 2020
        • Measures on homelessness and for tenants and mortgage-holders across Europe (Arena, April-June 2020)
        • 'Can I be evicted during coronavirus in the US?' (ProPublica, 18 May 2020)
      • Tenant's Rights across Europe (University of Bremen, 2014)
      • Housing Policy in the EU States (European Parliament, 1996)
    • Court cases and other jurisprudence
      • Jurisprudence database by Housing Rights Watch
      • Spain violated the human rights of a family evicted after occupying a dwelling (UN, Oct 2019)
    • Data sources, sets and visualisations
      • SRC: EU Open Data Portal (ODP)
      • SRC: European Data Portal
      • SRC: Data Search Engine of the European Data Journalism Network (EDJNet)
      • SRC: National and local statistics offices
      • SRC: Price indexes by real estate agencies
      • SRC: Housing Statistics for financial markets
      • SRC: International database on real housing prices and real personal disposable income
      • SET & VIZ: House Price Index in Europe (2015-2019, Eurostat)
      • SET & VIZ: People living in households with very low work intensity in Europe (Eurostat, 2015-2019)
      • SRC: House price developments across and within OECD countries (2005-2019)
      • SRC: Official rental prices by census section, district, town, province & region in Spain (2015-18)
      • VIZ: Rental prices by block in Spain (El País, elDiario, July 2020)
      • VIZ: 4 graphs on Covid-19 deaths vs poor housing conditions in the UK (Inside Housing, 20 May 2020)
      • SRC: Average monthly rental prices, selected European cities (HousingAnywhere, April 2020)
      • SRC: "Since 2007 rents up by 21%, house prices by 19%" in the EU (Eurostat, January 2020)
      • SRC: Rents in Europe by country (Global Property Guide, ~2019)
      • SRC: Key Property Investment Data: Europe (Global Property Guide, ~2019)
      • SRC: Estate agency rent surveys (Eurostat, 2003-2019)
      • SRC: Housing cost overburden rate by tenure status (Eurostat, 2008-2019)
      • VIZ: Share of housing costs in disposable household income - 2017 (Housing Europe, 2019)
      • VIZ: EU Housing Overburden Rate by Degree of Urbanisation (Housing Europe, 2019)
      • Average rental cost of apartments in European cities 2018 (Statista, February 2020)
      • SRC: Residential real estate in Europe - Statistics & Facts (Statista, March 2018)
      • SRC: OECD Affordable Housing Database (1996-2018)
    • Research and data questions
      • How do different policies correlate with the number of evictions over time?
  • Big landlords
    • Media reports
      • 2020
        • The region of Madrid does not want 1,700 flats (El País, 17 Oct 2020)
        • The sale of apartments in Berlin continues (Berliner Zeitung, 30 Sep 2020)
        • Berlin: Ten big landlords that are driving the prices up (Tagesspiegel, 26 July 2020)
        • "Who owns Berlin?": An Investigation (Evicted by Greed conference feat. Correctiv, 31 May 2020)
        • Scottish property worth billions owned by tax haven firms (The Ferret, 21 June 2020)
        • 'A $60bn housing grab by Wall St of rental homes in the US' (NYT Magazine, 4 March 2020)
      • 2019
        • Private registries of 'delinquent tenants' in Spain (elDiario.es, 5 Sept 2019)
        • 'Blackstone and Heimstaden frustrate tenants: Increase in cases in LLO' (DR, 4 Sept 2019)
        • Deutsche Wohnen announces its own rental cover (Der Spiegel, 22 June 2019)
        • New Rent Laws Pass in N.Y.: ‘The Pendulum Is Swinging’ Against Landlords (NYT, 14 June 2019)
        • Point-based renting in Netherlands: an old tradition against speculation (elDiario.es, 1 June 2019)
        • Blackstone already controls nearly 30,000 rental homes in Spain (elDiario.es, 20 May 2019)
        • How citizens are taking on city developers (FT, 11 April 2019)
        • Vonovia makes record profits, but it has its price (Handelsblatt, 7 March 2019)
    • Academic reports and papers
      • The Commodification of Housing in London and the Right to Housing and to the City (June 2020)
      • The de-financialization of housing: towards a research agenda (May 2020)
      • Do taxes on foreign purchases lower housing prices? Evidence from B.C. in Canada (Apr 2020)
      • Estonian housing market: affordability problem and regulatory framework (May 2013)
    • Advocacy and policy reports and projects
      • Property Forum Central and Eastern Europe
      • Exploratory research on financialisation of housing in EU cities (European Commission, June 2020)
      • Czech real estate market: Trend report 2019 (Association for Real Estate Market Development)
      • Czech real estate market: Trend report 2018 (Association for Real Estate Market Development)
      • Emerging trends in real estate - Europe 2020 (PwC and the Urban Land Institute, November 2019)
      • Smart Magazine - 12 reasons why flat prices are high (Deloitte, Summer 2018)
      • Emerging trends in real estate - Europe 2019 (PwC and the Urban Land Institute, November 2018)
      • Emerging trends in real estate - Europe 2015 (PwC and the Urban Land Institute, January 2015)
      • "Affordable Housing". The Future of Cities (European Commission, Apr 2019)
      • Wind of change: Investment in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (EIB, September 2017)
    • Activist initiatives
      • Sindicat de Llogateres de Barcelona (Barcelona Tenants' Union, 2017-present)
    • Law, regulations and other policy
    • Court cases and other jurisprudence
    • Data sources, sets and visualisations
    • Research and data questions
  • Empty homes
    • Media reports
      • Catalonia considers expropriating empty homes in low demand areas (El Periódico, 21 Nov 2020)
      • Barcelona’s Latest Affordable Housing Tool: Seize Empty Apartments (Bloomberg, 16 July 2020)
      • Navarre detects 2,600 empty homes in six municipalities (Naiz, 15 Jun 2020)
      • England has more than 200,000 empty homes. How to revive them? (The Guardian, 25 Sept 2018)
      • Over 11,000 homes have stood empty in the UK for at least 10 years (The Guardian, 1 Jan 2018)
      • Housing crisis: more than 200,000 homes in England lie empty (The Guardian, 20 Apr 2017)
    • Academic reports and papers
    • Advocacy reports and projects
      • Action on Empty Homes (UK, 1992-present)
    • Activist initiatives
      • Empty Homes project by Peter McVerry Trust (Ireland, 2017-present)
      • Canopy Housing (UK, 2014-present)
      • Wohnen 60plus Project (Germany, 2013-present)
      • Bethléem Project (Belgium, 2006-present)
    • Law, regulations and other policy, and official projects
      • Annual fee on empty homes in the Basque Housing Law (2019-present)
      • Bizigune Programme (Basque Country, 2013-present)
    • Court cases and other jurisprudence
    • Data sources, sets and visualisations
      • SRC: Academic research on empty homes in England and Wales 2016-17
    • Research and data questions
      • How many empty homes are there in your city?
  • Homelessness
    • Media reports
      • Canada: research project gave homeless people $7,500 each, results encouraging (CBC, 9 October 2020)
      • Rough sleeping in the UK rose sharply during lockdown (Guardian, 18 August 2020)
      • Long-term fate of the homeless in UK uncertain after Covid-19 emergency housing (TBL, 15 May 2020)
      • Housing First to take homeless from hotels into homes after lockdown in Scotland (GET, 7 May 2020)
      • 'Making money out of the homeless in Spain' (Ctxt.es, 18 Apr 2020)
      • 'The thousand obstacles to access coronavirus housing aid in Spain' (El Salto Diario, 8 Apr 2020)
    • Academic reports and papers
      • Classification model of homelessness using integrated administrative data (August 2020)
    • Advocacy and policy reports and projects
      • The Impact of Covid-19 on Homeless People and Services (FEANTSA, Autumn 2020)
      • Better data and policies to fight homelessness in the OECD (OECD, Jan 2020)
    • Activist initiatives
      • Proxy Address - providing the homeless with an address (October 2020)
      • "Change: a Homeless Survival Experience" (video game by Delve Interactive, May 2020)
    • Law, regulations and other policy
    • Court cases and other jurisprudence
      • Spain violated the human rights of a family evicted after occupying a dwelling (UN, Oct 2019)
    • Data sources, sets and visualisations
      • SRC: City street counts of homeless people
    • Research and data questions
  • Land ownership
    • SRC: Vonovia property portfolio by end of 2019
    • Media reports
      • Who Owns England? by Guy Shrubsole review. Why this land isn’t your land (The Guardian, 28 Apr 2019)
    • Academic reports and papers
      • Situation of cadaster and land registry at European and national level (May 2017)
    • Advocacy and policy reports and projects
      • Who Owns England? By Guy Shrubsole and Anna Powell-Smith (2016-present)
    • Activist initiatives
    • Law, regulations and other policy
      • Land registries and cadastres
        • National land registries in EU countries
        • European Land Registry Network
        • Interoperability Model for Land Registers (IMOLA)
        • Cross Border e-Conveyancing (CROBECO)
        • EuroGeographics
    • Court cases and other jurisprudence
    • Data sources, sets and visualisations
      • SRC: Use land and property data in England and Wales
    • Research and data questions
  • Short-term rentals
    • Media reports
      • 2020
        • Spain: Owners of vacation homes look for alternatives (El Pais, 8 June 2020)
        • Prague takes on Airbnb to dam flood of tourists (The Observer, 1 Feb 2020)
      • 2019
        • Spain Is Latest Battleground for Global Affordable Housing (Bloomberg, 19 June 2019)
        • Airbnb lobbying revealed as SNP and Tories water down regulation (The Ferret, 24 May 2019)
        • Exposed: Airbnb lobbying to stop laws on lets (The Ferret, 18 Jan 2019)
      • 2018
        • A fake profile with 208 flats: the business behind being 'authentic' in Amsterdam (NRC, 9 Nov 2018)
    • Academic reports and papers
      • What Airbnb does to the housing market (August 2020)
      • Tourism, financialisation & short-term rentals: the housing political economy of Dublin (Jul 2020)
      • How German cities cope with the rise of Airbnb (Feb 2020)
      • The role of Airbnb creating a new-old city centre: Porto (Dec 2019)
      • Airbnb, buy-to-let investment and tourism-driven displacement: Lisbon (Aug 2019)
      • Who governs Airbnb: new economy on the streets of Porto (April 2019)
      • Gentrification in Porto: floating city users and internationally-driven urban change (Feb 2019)
      • Gentrification in Porto: Problems and opportunities (December 2018)
      • The sharing economy at the CJEU: does Airbnb pass the ‘Uber test’? (Aug 2018)
      • Impact of the collaborative economy on tourism in the city of Porto - Airbnb case study (2018)
    • Advocacy and policy reports and projects
      • How the gig economy's lobbyists undermine peoples' rights (CEO, 5 Sep 2019)
      • "Affordable Housing". The Future of Cities (European Commission, Apr 2019)
    • Activist initiatives
      • Berlin is looking for Airbnb superhosts!
    • Law, regulations and other policy
      • Regulating Airbnb in Portugal (Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, 2018)
    • Court cases and other jurisprudence
      • Cities can regulate short-term rentals despite EU single market services directive (ECJ, Sept 2020)
      • Airbnb deemed an 'information society service' and not a real estate agent (ECJ, Dec 2019)
    • Data sources, sets and visualisations
      • SRC: Airbnb data (2015-2019)
      • VIZ: How Airbnb invaded Lisbon (book "Lisboa e a Airbnb", June 2019)
    • Research and data questions
  • Social and public housing
    • Media reports
      • Nearly 1/2 councils in UK use algorithms to help make claims decisions (The Guardian, 28 Oct 2020)
      • Hackney Council in London unable to pay housing benefit after cyber attack (Sky News, 17 Oct 2020)
      • The external wall systems crisis affecting 100,000s of flats in England (InsideHousing, 15 Oct 2020)
      • UK: Taxpayers giving millions to private companies for housing vulnerable (TBIJ, 8 September 2020)
      • UK: The new-look Affordable Homes Programme at a glance (Inside Housing, 8 September 2020)
      • More public housing in Barcelona to avoid the expulsion of residents (La Vanguardia, 14 June 2020)
      • Barcelona's shipping container homes as social housing fix (The Guardian, 6 September 2019)
      • Social housing in Europe: the end of an era? (Metropolitiques, 26 Sept 2012)
    • Academic reports and papers
      • Denmark’s private non-profit housing system governance and finances examined (5 August 2020)
      • Comparing Social Housing in Berlin and Vienna (June 2020)
      • Affordable, Social, and Substandard Housing and Mortality: EPIPorto Cohort, 1999-2019 (May 2020)
      • Privatisation and the death of public housing (May 2020)
      • Does proximity to fast food cause childhood obesity? Evidence from public housing (May 2020)
      • Examples of Financialisation & Institutionalisation of Affordable Housing (September 2019)
      • Innovative Arrangements between Public and Private Actors in Affordable Housing (February 2019)
      • Financing social and affordable housing in Europe: the CEB's approach (May 2015)
      • Social Housing & Illegal State Aid: The Agreement Between the EC & the Netherlands (March 2011)
      • Social Housing in Europe II. A review of policies and outcomes (LSE, Dec 2008)
    • Advocacy and policy reports and projects
      • Making a house a home (podcast, Housing Europe, 2017-present)
      • The importance of affordable rental housing (IUT, July 2016)
      • The State of Housing in the EU (Housing Europe, 2012-2019)
      • Social Housing in the EU (European Parliament, Feb 2013)
      • Financing affordable social housing in Europe (UN-Habitat, 2009)
    • Activist initiatives
    • Law, regulations and other policy
    • Court cases and other jurisprudence
    • Data sources, sets and visualisations
      • VIZ: Share of social housing per country in Europe (Housing Europe, 2019)
    • Research and data questions
      • Corporate actors lobbying at the EU to 'prevent' member states from having 'too much' social housing
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  1. Access to housing
  2. Academic reports and papers

Similar Origins – Divergent Paths: The Politics of German and Dutch Housing Markets (May 2020)

PreviousSharing-Based Co-Housing Categorization (Aug 2020)NextRole of housing in the ‘integration' of Afghan refugees in Vienna (Feb 2020)

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  • Similar Origins – Divergent Paths: The Politics of German and Dutch Housing Markets

  • By Alice Cooper and Paulette Kurzer. Published on May 20, 2020,

  • PDF available (not open access):

  • Abstract:

    • This article is a comparative study of Dutch and German housing markets that shared many commonalities until the early 1990s.

    • Since the 1990s, the two markets have diverged significantly; with homeownership, mortgage debt and housing prices much higher in the Netherlands than Germany, which is partially due to more extensive turn to neoliberalism in housing policy in the Netherlands.

    • The article also looks into differences in the treatment of private renting versus not-for-profit social housing by governments in each country, and draw attention to mortgage liberalisation after 1993 in the Netherlands, which did not happen in Germany.

  • Keywords: Germany, the Netherlands, Dutch, German, housing market, housing policies, mortgage liberalisation

https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2020.1764541